19. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
During the late twentieth century socialism was on the retreat both in the West and in large areas of the developing world. During this new phase in the evolution of market capitalism, global trading patterns became increasingly interlinked, and advances in information technology meant that deregulated financial markets could shift massive flows of capital across national boundaries within seconds. ‘Globalization’ boosted trade, encouraged productivity gains and lowered prices, but critics alleged that it exploited the low-paid, was indifferent to environmental concerns and subjected the Third World to a monopolistic form of capitalism. Many radicals within Western societies who wished to protest against this process joined voluntary bodies, charities and other non-governmental organizations, rather than the marginalized political parties of the left. The environmental movement itself grew out of the recognition that the world was interconnected, and an angry, if diffuse, international coalition of interests emerged.
- ①The affirmative phenomena of globalization in the developing world in the past
- ②The decline of socialism and the emergence of capitalism in the twentieth century
- ③The conflict between the global capital market and the political organizations of the left
- ④The exploitative characteristics of global capitalism and diverse social reactions against it
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